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A concussion should never be ignored. A concussion is a type of minor traumatic brain injury that can have serious, long-term consequences if left untreated. Whether caused by a fall, sporting event or a high-impact motor vehicle accident, there is growing evidence that these injuries create further psychological and medical problems if not taken seriously.

A concussion occurs when there is a sudden impact to the head that causes the brain to move rapidly within the skull. This movement can disrupt normal brain function and lead to various symptoms. A concussion is usually not associated with a loss of consciousness.

Mild to severe symptoms appear immediately but are usually vague and difficult to pinpoint. Common symptoms associated with a mild concussion can include a headache, dizziness, nausea, sensitivity to light or even difficulty concentrating. More severe symptoms include blurred vision, balance disturbances, vomiting and worsening headaches. It is important to note that having a concussion is not dependent on the presence of all the above symptoms, but instead, varies from person to person and the degree of impact the brain experienced.

No matter how mild the symptoms may seem, it’s important to see a doctor as soon as possible to avoid further complications. Our understanding of the immediate treatment for concussions continues to evolve. We once told everyone to avoid any stimulus and to stay in dark rooms. While there is validity to reducing “stressors” that make concussive symptoms worse, research is now showing the importance and benefit of light aerobic exercise. The constant evolution of concussion protocols stresses the need for a patient to follow up with a qualified and knowledgeable medical professional.

Repeat concussions have also been linked to long-term brain damage associated with memory loss, mood changes and cognitive decline. Current research is also tying long-term heart conditions back to our neural pathways that are affected by traumatic brain injuries.

When one suffers a concussive episode, it is important to consider the harmful effect of trauma to the head that follows. This is why we “sideline” all athletes after experiencing trauma associated with sporting activity. This protection against repeated trauma is especially important and often overlooked in an older generation more susceptible to repeat falls.

While concussions can’t always be prevented, you can lower the risk by wearing properly fitted helmets for sports and biking, putting on your seatbelt, securing children in car seats and removing any tripping hazards from your home. I often tell my patients to make sure they have adequate and easily accessible lighting in their homes for when they need to get up in the middle of the night. Also, be wary of small pets that create a significant tripping hazard for the elderly.

Concussions are more than a minor injury and can lead to serious medical conditions that require immediate attention and care. By recognizing the symptoms, seeking timely treatment and prioritizing prevention, you can help protect your brain and overall well-being. While many bumps on the head can be ignored, be careful which bump on the head is left untreated.

Dr. Bills is an orthopedic surgeon and sports medicine specialist at Vanderbilt Integrated Orthopedics in Tullahoma.