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Recently, there has been a drastic increase in the number of colorectal cancer cases among young adults. Nearly 18,000 people in the United States under the age of 50 are expected to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer this year, according to the American Cancer Society.

The disease, commonly known as colon cancer, is characterized by cells in the colon or rectum growing out of control. Colon cancer typically starts as a small, noncancerous growth known as a polyp on the lining of the organ. Screenings are key to finding these polyps so they can be removed before they become cancerous.

Colon cancer is most common in those age 55 and older. However, widespread screening in this demographic has led to a decrease in cases. According to the American Cancer Society, since 2012 diagnoses of colorectal cancer have dropped about 1% each year. A combination of early detection and medical advances has also caused mortality rates to lower in this age group.

Colon cancer is now the deadliest type of cancer in men younger than 50 years old and the second leading cause of cancer death for women in the same age group. While the reason for the increase is still being researched, infrequent screening in this demographic has caused many cases to be diagnosed at an advanced stage. At an advanced stage, colon cancer is more difficult to treat and may require more invasive procedures.

Beginning screening earlier in life is one of the best ways to lower risk of colorectal cancer. Diets that consistently include red and processed meat, as well as smoking and moderate to heavy alcohol use are all associated with increased risk of colon cancer. These are risk factors that can be controlled.

Screening frequency recommendations vary depending on an individual’s level of risk. Factors that may place a person at greater risk of developing colon cancer include a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes and having had a gallbladder removal.

Low-risk adults who are 45 and older should begin screening on a regular basis. The CDC recommends a stool test every 3 to 5 years and a colonoscopy every 10 years to screen for colon cancer. Those with high risk factors are especially encouraged to begin getting tested sooner and more frequently. Individuals whose screenings show abnormalities may also be recommended a more frequent screening schedule.

If you begin experiencing symptoms of colorectal cancer, get screened as soon as possible as early detection is key to effective treatment of the disease. Bowel changes are a common symptom, including persistent diarrhea or constipation, blood in the stool, bloating, gas, nausea and pain in the abdomen. Other symptoms include fatigue, unexplained weight loss and a mass in the abdomen or rectum.

Although occurrence and deaths caused by colon cancer are rising in younger adults, early screening and lifestyle changes are incredibly effective at minimizing the risk. Protect yourself by being educated on the signs and symptoms of colon cancer, and talk to your doctor about when screening should begin for you.

Dr. Monajjem is a general surgeon caring for patients at Vanderbilt Integrated Surgical Services in Shelbyville.